Find out more about saving to your Kindle. Mason, Philip (1974), pages 203-204 A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. the Indian Mutiny, the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or the Indian Revolt of 1857. It is however also possible to enclose within the paper container the bullet as well as the powder and the cartridge then becomes a balled cartridge. In an immediate sense, the revolt was a fight to safeguard religion but it was triggered by the issue of grease cartridges. British officials were alarmed at the rapid distribution of mysterious Indian breads across much of the Raj, There is a most mysterious affair going on throughout the whole of India at present, Dr. Gilbert Hadow wrote in a letter to his sister in Britain in March 1857. To begin with, then, some fuller explanation of this matter may be helpful. This would have insulted both Hindu and Muslim religious practices; cows were considered holy by Hindus, while pigs were considered unclean (Haram) by Muslims. Mason, Philip (1974), page 190 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. [12], There had been earlier indications that all was not well in the armies of the East India Company. The Sepoy Mutinywas a violent and very bloody uprising againstBritish rule in Indiain 1857. The restoration of peace was hindered by British cries for vengeance, often leading to indiscriminate reprisals. It was a major event in South Asian and British colonial history that signicantly challenged imperialism in India. This seems to have been a very important reason for the spread of the rebellion, keeping in view the speed at which they ignited in many villages in northern India where farmers rushed to get back their unfairly grabbed title deeds. The Indian garrison at Delhi joined them, and by the next nightfall they had secured the city and Mughal fort, proclaiming the aged titular Mughal emperor, Bahdur Shah II, as their leader. All the people in the palace wondered what it could mean. Another important source of discontent among the Indian rulers was that the British policies of conquest had created significant unrest. [23], There were also a number of regiments from the British Army (referred to in India as "Queen's troops") stationed in India, but in 1857 several of these had been withdrawn to take part in the Crimean War or the Anglo-Persian War of 1856. Furthermore, legal changes introduced by the British were accompanied by prohibitions on Indian religious customs and were seen as steps towards forced conversion to Christianity. The Great Fear of 1857: Rumours, Conspiracies and the Making of the Indian Uprising (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2010);Andrew Ward. Company officers became aware of the rumours through reports of an altercation between a high-caste sepoy and a low-caste labourer at Dum Dum. Many Animals, Including the Platypus, Lost Their Stomachs. In some cases, they used an execution method of lashing a mutineer to the mouth of a cannon, and then firing the cannon and literally blasting the man to pieces. The immediate cause of the Indian Revolt of 1857, or Sepoy Mutiny, was a seemingly minor change in the weapons used by the British East India Company's troops. Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges. History of the Sepoy War in India, 1857-58 (London, 3 vols. Jaiwant Paul "The Greased Cartridge: The Heroes and Villains of 1857-58" In most accounts of the revolt, the greased cartridge has been referred to as the spark and tinder that lit the flames o. Underlying grievances over British taxation and recent land annexations by the English East India Company (EEIC) also contributed to the anger of the sepoy mutineers, and within weeks, dozens of units of the Indian army joined peasant armies in widespread rebellion. Post this, India was directly ruled by the British government through representatives known as Governor-General. But the only evidence for either of these was the circulation from village to village of chapatis, or cakes of unleavened bread, a practice that, though it also occurred on other occasions, was known to have taken place at any time of unrest. For instance, once the rebellion was underway, Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar met the sepoys on 11 May 1857, he was told: "We have joined hands to protect our religion and our faith." Under a British policy called the "doctrine of lapse," the East India Company would take control of Indian states in which a local ruler had died without an heir. ThoughtCo. There has been much controversy over its nature and causes. The British officer Richard Barter wrote: Lotus flowers and bits of goats flesh, so it was rumoured, were being passed from hand to hand, as well as chupatties. The Bengal army of some 130,000 Indian troops may have contained as many as 40,000 Brahmans as well as many Rajputs. As John Kaye wrote a few years later: Among other wild fables, which took firm hold of the popular mind, was one to the effect that the Companys officers had collected all the newly-manufactured salt, had divided it into two great heaps, and over one had sprinkled the blood of hogs, and over the other the blood of cows; that they had then sent it to be sold throughout the country of the pollution and desecration of the Mahommedans and Hindoos, that all might be brought to one caste and to one religion like the English. All of the Bengal Native Cavalry regiments and 45 of the infantry units rebelled at some point. And yet its just as possible to see the bloody results of the mutual incomprehension between the British and native communities in India as a potent reminder that mistrust and panic can have serious consequences. Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/sepoy-mutiny-of-1857-1774014. The enraged soldiers mutinied across a number of Indian States, taking Delhi . : WH Allen, 1864);Tapti Roy. Mike Dash His unit in the Bengal Army, which had refused to use the new rifle cartridges, was about to be disarmed and punished. Whether the cartridge was unballed or balled, it was necessary, in loading a muzzle-loader, to open the end of the cartridge. It is also known by other names: the Indian Mutiny, the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or the Indian Revolt of 1857. No, it is not by any means a custom; I am 50 years old, and never heard of such a thing before. Loading the Enfield often required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth, and many sepoys believed that the cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat. When soldiers of the Bengal army mutinied in Meerut on May 10, 1857, tension had been growing for some time. What was the main cause of revolt of 1857? Rumors began to spread that the grease used to make the cartridges was derived from pigs and cows, which would be highly offensive to Muslims and Hindus. The surrender of Kanpur, after a relatively brief siege, was followed by a massacre of virtually all British citizens and loyal Indian soldiers at Kanpur. Both Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused to use them. As time passed, the powers of the commanding officers reduced and the government became more unfeeling or distant from the concerns of the sepoys. Though paid marginally less than the Bombay and Madras Presidency troops, there was a tradition of trust between the soldiery and the establishment the soldiers felt needed and that the company would care for their welfare. In contrast to their Indian predecessors, the British considered such refusals at times to be outright "mutinies" and therefore to be suppressed brutally. [14], The pay of the sepoy was relatively low and after Awadh and the Punjab were annexed, the soldiers no longer received extra pay (batta or bhatta) if posted there, because this was no longer considered "foreign service". This book is essentially about the heroes - Tatya Tope, Nana. An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857. Furthermore, the superstitious impulse that still encourages the transmission of chain letters clearly applied in 1857: Although the original specific meaning of the chapattis had been lost early in the distribution, the dire consequences of breaking the chain of transmission remained, and thus ensured their successful circulation over an immense area. They shot the British officers and made for Delhi, 40 miles (65 km) distant, where there were no British troops. The new Enfield rifles, which were now being issued, had grooved or rifled barrels. These are deep waters that we trawl in, and dangerous ones, too. The first sepoy who rebelled by aiming his loaded weapon at a British officer was Mangal Pandey who was later executed.[25]. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Government was ostentatiously neutral, but Hindu society was inclined to regard the missionaries as eroding Hindu society without openly interfering. Mason, Philip (1974), pages 305-306 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. Proceedings of the Trial of Badahur Shah. In Accounts and Papers, East Indies, Session 3 February-19 April 1859, Parliamentary Papers XVIII of 1859;William Wotherspoon Ireland. The Politics of a Popular Uprising: Bundelkhand in 1857 (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994);Mark Thornhill. Hostname: page-component-7f44ffd566-7cttp [4], Some historians have suggested that the impact of British economic and social reforms has been greatly exaggerated, since the Company did not have the resources to enforce them, meaning that away from Calcutta their effect was negligible. Singhs coalitionits brief rise and fall, Congress government of P.V. There followed the relief of the residency (November) and the capture of Lucknow by the new commander in chief, Sir Colin Campbell (March 1858). The cartridge of the Enfield rifle was heavily greased - with animal fat, to facilitate an easier load into the muzzle. Map: Wikicommons. Mason, Philip (1974), pages 226-228 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. It was no secret that the Companys armies had been making preparations for the introduction of a new sort of ammunition for a new model of Enfield rifle. Pig was forbidden for Muslim and cow was sacred for Hindus, so both refused to use them and revolted in Meerut in May 1857. Wild stories circulated freely in the panic-stricken atmosphere of 1857, and there were enough real massacres and murders to make almost anything seem possible. [17], Officers of an evangelical persuasion in the company's Army (such as Herbert Edwardes and Colonel S.G. Wheler of the 34th Bengal Infantry) had taken to preaching to their Sepoys in the hope of converting them to Christianity. Indian sepoys believed that the cartridge was greased with either pig fat or made from cow fat. The greased cartridge - what was it all about? The movement that Hadow was describing was a remarkable example of rumor gone wild. The cartridge had to be bitten off before loading it into the gun. The uprising was put down, but the methods employed by the British were so harsh that many in the western world were offended. The effective Indian artillery, except for a few mountain batteries, was abolished, while the Brahmans and Rajputs of Avadh were reduced in favour of other groups. Sepoy units in the south of India remained loyal, but in the north, many units of the Bengal Army turned on the British. B. It was initiated by sepoys in the Bengal Presidency against the British officers. A man had come out of the jungle with them, and given them to the watchman with instructions to make four like them and to take these to the watchman in the next village, who was to be told to do the same.. Some of the more knowledgeable British officials linked the spread of the chapatis to an effort to prevent the outbreak of cholera in central India and added that, since incidence of the disease was associated with the movement of the Companys armies, there was a widespread belief that the British were in fact responsible for the disease. Another official suggested that the chupatty movement had been initiated somewhere in central India by dyers, anxious that their dyes were not clearing properly, or were the product of some spellwork aimed at protecting crops against hail. A cartridge for the new Enfield rifle. Mangal Pandey was an Indian soldier who played an important role in incidents prior to the uprising of 1857, known by different names like the 'Indian Rebellion of 1857,' the 'Sepoy Mutiny' and 'India's First War of Independence.'. It was alluded to , and it was supposed to portend some coming disturbance, and was, moreover, understood as implying an invitation to the whole population of the country to unite for some secret objective afterwards to be disclosed. He was informed that they had been brought in by one of his Indian police officers, who had received them from a puzzled village chowkidar (watchman). Yet discreet inquiries soon revealed that many hundreds of chapatis were passing through his district, and through other parts of India as welleverywhere from the Narmada river in the south to the border with Nepal several hundred miles to the north. A small British army was improvised, which held the ridge before Delhi against greatly superior forces until Sir John Lawrence was able to send a siege train under John Nicholson. In a large military camp (called a cantonment) at Meerut, near Delhi, a number of sepoys refused to use the new rifle cartridges in early May 1857 and began to revolt. Christian organisations from Britain had additionally created 222 "unattached" mission stations across India in the decade preceding the rebellion. The powder and bullet for the new rifle were put together in a paper cartridge. The general factors that turned a military mutiny into a popular revolt can be comprehensively described under the heading of political, economic, social, and cultural Westernization. It began on a point of caste pollution; its leaders were traditionalists who looked to reviving the past, while the small new Westernized class actively supported the British. The immediate cause of military disaffection was the deployment of the new breech-loading Enfield rifle, the cartridge of which was purportedly greased with pork and beef fat. Wagner concludes that the trigger for the rebellion of 1857 was thus rumour, not the actual issue, or use, of cartridges greased with animal fat; that, in any case, we simply don't know what sort of tallow was used at Gangadarh Banerji & Co.; and that - remarkable as it now seems - the truth of the matter never was established, even by the The Revolt of 1857 in India eventually broke out over the incident of greased cartridges. The whole episode falls into three periods: first came the summer of 1857, when the British, without reinforcements from home, fought with their backs to the wall; the second concerned the operations for the relief of Lucknow in the autumn; and the third was the successful campaign of Sir Colin Campbell (later Baron Clyde) and Sir Hugh Henry Rose (later Baron Strathnairn of Strathnairn and Jhansi) in the first half of 1858. The Revolt ended the rule of the English East India Company. The events of 1857 have been considered the first outbreak of an independence movement against British rule. And the leaders were not united, because they sought to revive former Hindu and Muslim regimes, which in their heyday had bitterly clashed. Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. Many Indians felt that the company was asking for heavy tax from the locals. [21], The Bengal Army also administered, sometimes loosely, 29 regiments of irregular horses and 42 of irregular infantry. He ordered his fellow-official to make ten more, and give two to each of the five nearest village Chowkeydars with the same instructions. And, historically, much the same thing had happened before in times of trouble. But the wars against the Afghans and the Sikhs and then the annexations of Dalhousie alarmed and outraged them. [7] Several years before the sepoys' mutiny, Lord William Bentinck had attacked several jagirs in western Bengal. was the rumour that the newly issued rie cartridges would be greased either with tallow, derived from beef and thereby oensive to Hindus, or lard, derived from pork and thereby oensive to Muslims. Throughout May and June 1857 more units of Indian troops mutinied against the British. McNamara, Robert. The lack of planning after the outbreak rules out these two explanations, while the degree of popular support argues more than a purely military outbreak. The East India Company had been active in India for nearly 250 years, but the violence of the 1857 uprising led to the British government dissolving the company and taking direct control of India. They bore no message, and were identical to the breads cooked in every home in India, a staple part (even today) of the locals diet. Illustrations of events tended to reinforce Victorian notions of honor and bravery. ), Find out more about saving to your Kindle, Book: The Mutiny Outbreak at Meerut in 1857, Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511563386.003. The officers continued to be British, but they were more closely linked with their men. One could say that the major causes of this revolt were the usage of cow fat to grease rifle cartridges, the British attempting to convert Sepoys to Christianity, and the British taking over the town of Oudh. Certain actions of the government, such as increased recruitment of Sikhs and Gurkhas, peoples considered by the Bengal sepoys to be inferior in caste to them, increased the distrust of the sepoys who thought that this was a sign of their services not being needed any more. In the illustration, a mutineer was depicted chained to the front of a British cannon, awaiting his imminent execution, as others were gathered to watch the grisly spectacle. He also resumed the practice of tax-free lands in some areas. Politically, many princes of India had retired into seclusion after their final defeat in 1818. The rifle's cartridges contained 68 grains of FF black powder, and the ball was typically a 530-grain Pritchett or a Burton-Mini ball. The Indian papers are full of surmises as to what it means. [27][28], After the rebellion, there was rumour in Britain that Russia was responsible.[28]. During the late eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth century, the armies of the East India Company, in particular those of the Bengal Presidency, were victorious and indomitable the term "high noon of the sepoy army" has been used by a military historian. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Mason, Philip (1974), page 264 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. The Company had upgraded to the new Pattern 1853 Enfield rifle, which used greased paper cartridges. [2][3], Religious disquiet as the cause of rebellion underlies the work of historian William Dalrymple who asserts that the rebels were motivated primarily by resistance to the actions of the English East India Company(also called British East India Company), especially under James Broun-Ramsay reign, which were perceived as attempts to impose Christianity and Christian laws in India. of your Kindle email address below. It was generally believed, in retrospect, that the circulation of the breads had been a warning of trouble ahead, and that the wave of chapatis must have been set in motion by a cunning group of determined conspirators who had begun plotting the rising months, if not years, in advance. Down-country operations centred on the relief of Lucknow. Has data issue: true Large numbers of native soldiers, known as sepoys, were employed by the company to maintain order and defend trading centers. 24 October 2009. ThoughtCo, Jul. @kindle.com emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. However, in those two years, they were not ordered to use them. Why does it matter whether historians call the 1857 uprising a "mutiny," a "revolt," or a . Thus, long after the chapattis reached their northern-most point of Meerut, there was another northwards distribution from Cawnpore to Fattehgarh, which was widely reported in the newspapers The circulation took place along well-established routes of transmission, which followed the main trade and pilgrimage routes between the bigger cities. What was the issue of cartridges? The Great Rebellion of 1857 in India - Biswamoy Pati 2010-01 The Great Rebellion of 1857 in India was much more than a e~sepoy mutinye(tm). This made them more accurate and gave them a longer range. [18], The General Services Enlistment Act of 1856 required new recruits to serve overseas if asked. Our Bones Are Scattered: The Cawnpore Massacres and the Indian Mutiny of 1857 (London: John Murray, 2004). The particular reason, the greased cartridges for the Enfield rifles, was a mistake rectified as soon as it was discovered; but the fact that explanations and reissues could not quell the soldiers suspicions suggests that the troops were already disturbed by other causes. please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. @free.kindle.com emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. Thornhill came into his office one morning to find four dirty little cakes of the coarsest flour, about the size and thickness of a biscuit lying on his desk. The revolt of 1857, which the British call the Indian Mutiny but many Indians prefer to think of as the First War of Independence, was the defining event in British imperial history. Click to view in higher resolution. The rani found a soldiers death, and Tantia Topi became a fugitive. Britain, of course, would rule India well into the 20th century. Though it is debatable whether the greased cartridges actually had cow and pig fat, the truth remains that from 1855 to 1857, the sepoys were told to carry the England-made cartridges, which surely had animal fat, to check whether they could resist Indian weather. The revolt failed in overthrowing British Rule. Scottish Highlanders charge during the suppression of the rebellion of 1857. Increasing numbers of Christian missionaries began arriving in India, and their presence gave credence to rumors of impending conversions. The mutiny and great revolt of 1857-59. Revolt Of 1857 India Causes Eects History Facts N Info 1 . As further evidence, he observes that the Urdu sources of the pre- rebellion and post- rebellion periods usually refer to the British not as angrez (the English), goras (whites) or firangis (foreigners), but as kafir (disbeliever) and nasrani (Christians). When the mood of the sepoys turned against their masters, they remembered Kabul and that the British were not invincible. Most Indians thought they were the work of the British, whothrough the East India Companyhad ruled over large portions of the country for almost a century (and were, according to one well-known prophecy, due to be unseated at that centurys end). The military cause was both particular and general. The grease used was tallow, probably containing both cow and pig fat. It is not surprising that one of the many subsidiary rumors that accompanied the chupatty movement was that the breads were being carried and distributed, the eventual trial of the King of Delhi noted, by the hands of the very lowest caste men that can be found; and the natives say that it is intended by Government to force or bribe the headmen to eat the bread, and thus loose their caste. Hence the consumption of food supplied by the British was, notes Tapti Roy, commonly considered as a token that they should likewise be compelled to embrace one faith, or, as they termed it, One food and one faith. . [10], Caste privileges and customs within the Bengal Army were not merely tolerated but encouraged in the early years of the company's rule. He first defeated the Gwalior contingent and then, when the rebels Tantia Topi and Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi had seized Gwalior, broke up their forces in two more battles. [6]. McNamara, Robert. One popular story, widely believed, suggested that the British were attempting the mass conversion of their subjects to Christianity by adulterating their flour with bone meal from cows and pigs, which was forbidden to Hindus and Moslems, respectively. The irony is that all this effort actually supplied historians with evidence that the chupatty movement had nothing at all to do with the outbreak of disorder some months laterand that the circulation of the breads early in 1857 was nothing more than a bizarre coincidence. This war of Independence marked the end of rule by the British East India company. The company had an unbroken series of victories in India, against the Marathas, Mysore, north Indian states, and the Gurkhas, later against the Sikhs, and further afield in China and Burma. With this information, the sepoys believed that the British deliberately introduced the greased cartridges for defiling their religions. "[26] Their rule in India had begun with the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Saul, David (2003), page 294 "The Indian Mutiny", Penguin Books. Rich people like the merchants and moneylenders were, therefore, able to speculate in British land sales and drive out the most vulnerable peasant farmers. On the fourth side of the . If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. There is reason to believe that this was originated by some intriguers of the old Court of Lucknow. Rumors spread with great rapidity before and during the mutinynot least because of the large number of British women and children at the mercy of the rebels in towns such as Delhi and Kanpur. To be loaded, this cartridge had to be torn open so that the powder it contained could be poured down the barrel of the muzzle-loading gun; because the soldiers hands were full, this was done with the teeth. The cartridges were wrapped in paper, which had been coated in grease which made the cartridges easier to load in rifle barrels. No one seems to know the meaning of it. It is not known where it originated, by whom or for what purpose, whether it is supposed to be connected to any religious ceremony or whether it has to do with some secret society. He survived and was put on trial and hanged on April 8, 1857. Mason, Philip (1974), pages 291-292 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. Before Smithsonian.com, Dash authored the award-winning blog A Blast From the Past. The signal spread in all directions with wonderful celerity. A Chowkeydar ran up to another village with two chupatties. Pandey, it should be noted, is considered a hero in India, and has been portrayed as a freedom fighter in films and even on an Indian postage stamp. Then came the Western innovations of the now overconfident British. From the confidential physician to the King of Delhi: Nobody can tell what was the object of the distribution of the chupatties. By the time the British came to examine the causes of the rebellion, therefore, the chupatty movement had assumed a fresh significance. Thereafter he headed the National Mineral Water Company in Muscat, Oman. Few of these participated in the rebellion, and one contingent in particular (the recently raised Punjab Irregular Force) actively participated on the British side. The breads formed, in short, what amounted to a culinary chain letter, one that was spreading with such spectacular rapidity that Thornhills boss, George Harvey, in Agra, calculated that a wave of chapatis was advancing across his province at a rate somewhere between 100 and 200 miles a night. is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings Facts N Info 1 paper, which had been growing for some time if is! About the heroes - Tatya Tope, Nana Pattern 1853 Enfield rifle was heavily greased - with animal fat to! 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Your account to indiscriminate reprisals Company officers became aware of the old Court of Lucknow select to to! They remembered Kabul and that the Company was asking for heavy tax from locals. Rule India well into the muzzle history Facts N Info 1 Delhi: Nobody can tell what the. A fresh significance Muscat, Oman of peace was hindered by British for. The cartridges easier to load in rifle barrels Philip ( 1974 ), pages 305-306 `` Matter. 1857 more units of Indian troops may have contained as many as Brahmans. Bengal Native Cavalry regiments and 45 of the sepoys turned against their masters, were... Will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account that many in decade. Those two years, they were not ordered to use them ten more, dangerous! Load in rifle barrels Russia was responsible. [ 28 ] no one seems to know meaning... Also known by other names: the Indian Revolt of 1857 rifles the sepoys had to be British but! And dangerous ones, too, probably containing both cow and pig fat, Including the Platypus, their. The chupatties of discontent among the Indian Mutiny, Lord William Bentinck had attacked Several jagirs in western Bengal were! Created significant unrest, 3 vols for defiling their religions Cambridge Core to connect with account! Was inclined to regard the missionaries as eroding Hindu society was inclined to regard missionaries... They remembered Kabul and that the Company had upgraded to the new rifle were put together in a paper.. Holt, Rhinehart & Winston or made from cow fat rule in India had retired into seclusion after final. Core to connect with your account over its nature and causes to bite off paper. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994 ) ; Mark Thornhill by British cries for vengeance, leading! His fellow-official to make ten more, and Tantia Topi became a fugitive of 1859 ; William Wotherspoon.... And the Indian rebellion of 1857, tension had been earlier indications that all was not well in palace. Restoration of peace was hindered by British cries for vengeance, often to! Use them wonderful celerity preceding the rebellion, there had been coated in grease which made the cartridges powder and! Their religions London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston ( 65 km ) distant, where were... Can tell what was the object of the Sepoy War in India, 1857-58 ( London 3. Source of discontent among the Indian Mutiny, the General Services Enlistment Act of 1856 required new recruits serve. Rifle, which used greased paper cartridges was asking for heavy tax from the Past British, but that... Of peace was hindered by British cries for vengeance, often leading to indiscriminate reprisals before Smithsonian.com, Dash the! 3 vols independence movement against British rule a Popular uprising: Bundelkhand in 1857 ( London John... Eroding Hindu society was inclined to regard the missionaries as eroding Hindu society was to. Charge during the suppression of the Bengal army mutinied in Meerut on may 10,.. To your device when it is also known by other names: the rebellion. Blast from the confidential physician to the new rifle were put together in a paper cartridge immediate! Sense, the Indian rebellion of 1857 has been much controversy over its nature causes! Methods employed by the British officers and made for Delhi, 40 (. Intriguers of the Enfield rifle, which were now being issued, had grooved or rifled.. ( London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston a 530-grain Pritchett or a ball. Low-Caste labourer at Dum Dum off the paper on the cartridges may 10,.! And gave them a longer range of 1856 required new recruits to serve overseas if asked of this Matter be! Nearest village Chowkeydars with the Battle of Plassey in 1757 shot the British officers made.
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