It has never been implemented in its true form. Promotion of Equality 17 2. WebCitizens in a utopian society have no personal identity because their leader has forced them to think the same and act the same in the hope of creating a perfect and uniform society. ThoughtCo, Apr. Socialism Minimizes Exploitation of the Working Class 21 6. Some of these experiments include: The first Utopian Socialist experiment was carried out by the Saint-Simonians. A government exists to maintain peace in society. Every Utopian Socialist managed to construct his utopia on a small scale. As a result, Owen provided resources for his workers. This means that consumers and the wants and needs of people should determine the market. They do not believe socialists and capitalists can work together as they do not share the same goals and intentions. Important investments in infrastructure. These reviews allow you to comprehend how the product will work for you. 2005-2023 Wall Street Oasis. Definition and Examples, Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, and Fascism, What Is Neoliberalism? There are no cons. Higher authorities make it a goal to give benefits to everyone equally. Marx believed in revolutionary socialism, which held that in order to seize the means of production from capitalists, workers must revolt against the capitalists and seize it themselves. At New Lanark, Owen offered several resources for his employees, such as free childcare and universal education for children. According to Keith Taylor, in his book Political Ideas of the Utopian Socialists: the saint Simonian movement was experiencing internal turmoil over moral and religious questions. Longley, Robert. As a result, unemployment can increase during economic downturns. Utopian socialism and these exemplary planned communities were also infused with millennialist thought. A significant part of this was the utopian socialists' creation of planned communities, where individual competition would be replaced with a communal society where no one was wanting. Democratic Socialism: Overview, Pros & Cons | What is Democratic Socialism? In socialist economies, consumer prices are usually controlled by the government. WebIn a utopian socialist society, as the word "utopian" suggests, Pros and Cons of Socialism. Though their critics dubbed these projects ''utopian'' (hence, the name utopian socialists), many communal societies were attempted in both Britain and the United States. As Britain rapidly industrialized in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, reformers came to envision alternative societies. In addition, the residents were never as fervently committed to the project as was Owen. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Key Pros. Owen contributed by increasing the popularity of the idea of the eight-hour work day. 1. Because it is a community-based system, equal opportunities are presented to everyone. In some socialist economies, the democratically elected government owns and controls major businesses and industries. He believed that this conflict could be resolved with the establishment of these so-called phalanxes, or communes. Web"The people of France need not put up with the injustice of capitalism when Utopian socialism is available to provide for all their needs. WebLiberty - In socialism, your liberty is your human right to shelter, food, water, healthcare, education and other necessities with no need for financial instability. It is worth noting that this type of socialist society is rare to find because the characteristics of utopian societies are practically impossible. Toward the end of his life, Owen became more outspoken about his skepticism towards organized religion, which drew criticism from many due to the religious fervor and status quo of the time. Noblisse oblige is the idea of the inferred responsibility of privileged people to act with generosity toward those with less privilege. This is why there is no competition, and everyone earns equally. Socialism in the United States is an increasingly popular topic. Patriotism and National Unity 24 9. They can collect the payments, have their basic needs met, and enjoy life without the worry of a work day. It is not the government that decides what to supply and what to price the supplies at; it is the market that does so. Because resources are distributed in an equal fashion, there is no poverty in Socialism unless there are no resources to distribute. 2. In a socialist society, the government values effort and hard work more than how much money you generate. In a few others, individual ownership of enterprise and property is allowed, but with high taxes and government control. Capitalism, on the other hand, holds that private enterprise utilizes economic resources more efficiently than the government and that society benefits when the distribution of wealth is determined by a freely-operating market. Longley, Robert. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. WebLess Rags-to-Riches: Socialism reduces the desire of the poorest people to work harder, get a higher education, and innovate, since they are guaranteed a minimum standard of comfortable living. Socialism describes a variety of economic systems under which the means of production are owned equally by everyone in society. That allows for more people to work, which encourages economic growth, with the goal of improving personal circumstances by promoting the communitys welfare first. Efficiency in Government 20 5. The age of reform changed how many Americans lived. These followers regarded Henri de Saint Simon as a prophet of this new world in which science and co-operation could create material change and propel the moral regeneration of humanity. This creates a greater balance between people within the same community. Sustainability is Ecotopias central value. Only enslave them. However, revolutionary socialists do not see nations progressing and believe changes are mandatory. This section is filled with customer feedbacks and even pictures of the product. WebUtopian Socialism is a term Marx used, and Engels later clarified, to describe early socialists who believed socialism was achievable by merely convincing everyone of its merits, denying class antagonisms and the conflict of The government should promote equal opportunity, not promise equal results. When it comes to land and property, the government has full control. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? All anarchists are utopian because they believe that it is possible to create an alternative perfect society where the present-day social, However, say capitalists, state ownership breeds inefficiency and indifference as labor and management have no personal profit incentive. Socialists do not support creativity and change. She has a passion for Critical theory, Cultural Affairs, Political Philosophy and Academia. 1. Pros: 1. List of the Pros of Democratic Socialism. A definition of utopian socialism is a society that lives in peace with no poverty or unemployment, due to workers and owners working together. The Industrial Revolution, which occurred from around 1760 to 1840, changed the way people lived and worked in Europe and the United States. Socialism Minimizes Exploitation of the Working Class 21 6. Individuals and private owners do not own a large number of resources. These resources include free childcare, housing, a shorter work day, free education for children, and restrictions on child labor. At New Lanark, in Scotland, Owen implemented his philosophy to offer resources for the workers. Efficiency in Government 20 5. While no single person can be said to have invented capitalism, capitalist-like systems existed as far back as ancient times. This lesson examines the difference between capitalism and socialism, acknowledging the pros and cons of capitalism and defining both types of economies. Everyone in a nation, rulers, citizens, rich and poor, just decides to put politics aside and It gives the government much if not full control. There have been many attempts to have a socialist society from countries all over the world. Communism can reduce social tensions in a society. save. As a result of New Harmony, Owen lost a great deal of his fortune. 2. Socialism is most often criticized for its provision of social services programs requiring high taxes that may decelerate economic growth. Eventually, Owen reduced work to an 8-hour day and proclaimed laborers should have the right to 8 hours of work, 8 hours of recreation, and 8 hours of sleep. The two social experiments that Owens attempted were at the New Lanark Mill in Scotland and in New Harmony, Indiana. Political Subculture Overview & Examples | What are Subcultures? A lot of their beliefs come from their vision of democracy. The key arguments in the socialism vs. capitalism debate focus on socio-economic equality and the extent to which the government controls wealth and production. There are many aspects of socialism that are unique, setting it apart from other social systems in the world. However, many of these countries, including the United States, have implemented socialist policies within their capitalist systems, such as social security, minimum wages, and energy subsidies. This negatively impacts the economy as it limits its growth potential. -Private wealth, property, and enterprise should be subject to administration, not owners. Capitalists argue that private ownership of property (land, businesses, goods, and wealth) is essential to ensuring the natural right of people to control their own affairs. Owen chose America in which to make his utopia a reality. In reality, however, most capitalist countries employ some degree of government regulation of business and private investment. Socialism encourages democratic ownership and distribution of means of production to reduce the widening gap between the rich and the poor. Libertarianism is advertised globally because they believe they can only gain power and stand up against the government by collectively joining forces and creating a revolution. WebSocialism is a political system in which the government controls all important production and distribution processes and the general public relies on the state for the supply with WebFood supply is assured. Socialism encourages the democratic ownership and distribution of societys means of production, attempting to balance the scales so the poor have access to the same resources as the rich. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Individual rights are restricted. WebThe age of Reform lasted from 1820-1860, so about 40 years give or take a few. Someone must This is because, in this society, the government values effort and hard work more than economic output, which is primarily why there is limited competition and people receive equal pay. - Definition & History, Multiplying Polynomials: Examples & Overview, Effects & Events of the US Civil War from Various Perspectives, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. You can even determine the pros and cons of these reviews. Definition and Examples, What Is Communism? Theres the Middle Class. Buoyed by this success, in 1816, Owen expanded his utopian aims beyond the factory. Owen believed in collective goods, which were resources that anyone in society could enjoy regardless of class, and noblisse oblige, which was the moral obligation of wealthy nobility to provide for the lower class who had less privilege. Socialism is a political theory. But, like socialists, they don't think there should be gaps in treatment and income between different social classes. WebThe Utopians had the idea correct the issue before it became a problem by providing everyone with an education and not discriminating against certain social classes or genders. In a capitalist society, capitalists believe in a free market. https://www.britannica.com/story/pro-and-con-socialism-in-the-united-states. WebUtopian socialists believed that members of the ruling class could easily reconcile social conditions and ease the transition into a utopia, their theories neglect class struggle and I feel like its a lifeline. These societies were made illegal in France in 1830 but still sustained its influence worldwide till 1848, boasting more than 40,000 adherents. A reaction to the prevailing economic system which prioritised private interests at the expense of the working class, Utopian socialism denoted the belief that society can and must voluntarily transition away from capitalism into a society run by co-operation and harmony. Socialists say that state ownership prevents business failures, prevents monopolies, and allows the government to control production to best meet the needs of the people. The main reason is how they handle their laborers' rights. Therefore, they follow the same process extensively, and because of that, economies in this type of system do not expand much. He proposed a model community of around 2,500 residents, where property and life, in general, was communal. Socialists argue that governments have a moral responsibility to provide essential social services. Looking at those governments abroad, Full Employment for All 23 8. Theoretically, financial inequality encourages competition and innovation, which drive economic growth. 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There is no incentive to innovate because there is no guarantee of success, which Socialism demands. In addition, private ownership of property makes it possible for people to borrow and invest money, thus growing the economy. While some politicians openly promote socialism or socialist policies (Senator Bernie Sanders and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, for example), others reject the socialist label (now Vice President Kamala Harris said she was not a Democratic Socialist during the 2020 presidential campaign) or invoke it as a dirty word that is contrary to American ideals (in the 2019 State of the Union, President Trump stated the United States would never be a socialist country because We are born free, and we will stay free). Frequently, the military has significant political power. And some of those are still in existence today (like the Shakers), while the influence of others remains evident (such as the Oneida Community). This ideology provided a loose framework for revolutionary leaders and theorists to build off of, creating a comprehensive and elaborate articulation of what Socialism truly means. This section is filled with customer feedbacks and even pictures of the product. According to Human Rights Watch, most Venezuelans go to bed hungry. Hyperinflation and deteriorating health conditions under the socialist economic policies of President Nicols Maduro have driven an estimated 3 million people to leave the country as food became a political weapon. They do not want to be controlled by the government, and they want to have the right to make vital decisions for their country and economy collectively. Capitalists contend that state, rather than private control, leads to inefficiency and lengthy delays in providing healthcare services. Due to the time in with these ideas were birthed, these theories were not able to critically analyze nor comment on the liberation of all oppressed groups. Socialism is the idea of a social organization that supports production, distribution, and trade that should be controlled within the community itself. Definition and Examples, Means of production owned by private individuals, Means of production owned by government or cooperatives, Income equally distributed according to need, Free market competition encourages efficiency and innovation, Government-owned businesses have less incentive for efficiency and innovation, Healthcare provided free or subsidized by the government, High taxes necessary to pay for public services. Enhancement of the education infrastructure. One of the most lasting contributions was that Owen's followers invented the term ''socialism'' in 1827. | 1 Many interested intellectuals showed up, as did freeloaders, but not many actual carpenters, builders, masons, and the like. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. When Owen realized that there were many children, some as young as five, who were working thirteen-hour days and with no access to education, he decided to change the way the mill was run. The rejection of Christianity and desire to create a new religion with new moral and social codes including a more liberal approach towards sexual relations and marriage, did not reflect mass opinion. Instead of profiting off of workers and exploiting them, utopian socialists believe that owners and workers could work together peacefully. Robert Owen attempted to create a utopian socialist community at New Harmony, Indiana. These reviews allow you to comprehend how the product will work for you. an economic and political system under which the means of production are publicly owned. That is essentially how Communism works: having the people work to improve the government while being given only the basics for survival. ThoughtCo. New technology was introduced that made mass production and travel more possible and widespread. Socialism is the idea of a social organization that supports production, distribution, and trade that should be controlled within the community itself. It limits innovation. If a person knows that they will receive payments for food, housing, and clothing, then there is no incentive to keep working. He adds that towards the end of the 1830s the movement began to tilt towards authoritarianism with Prosper Enfantin declaring himself Supreme Father, banishing heretics and advocating a rehabilitation of the flesh. Critics of socialism argue that allowing the government to run peoples lives, including where to live, how much to Rather than civilization defined by harsh industrial labor practices driven by greed and the profit motive, utopian socialists argued society could be both industrial and humane. Militarism Overview, History & Examples | What is Militarism? The relative success of Fouriers experiments can be attributed to their small scale and anti-industrial outlook which provided refuge to agricultural workers and craftsman who were anxious about their employment in their rapidly industrializing society. WebAnswer (1 of 18): At its heart, Socialism is this idea: I need a road. Contrarily, they believe that laborers should be the decision-makers since they work hard. The idea of democracy is crucial here. Capitalism is also called a free market economy or free enterprise economy. Fourier, Saint-Simon, and Owen sought to set up communities which were ruled by principles of justice, benevolence, and cooperation. Today, as a part of our novel study, The Giver, we examined the pros and cons of the utopian society that is depicted in this novel. The first is a concern about the amount of relevant material; whether Marx and Engels wrote enough about Utopian socialism to make a reconstruction of their considered views possible. This difference in ideals creates the different pros and cons of the two systems. Between 1841 and 1859, about 28 phalanxes were established in the United States. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 The American public supports the implementation of more socialist policies. Indeed, the economies of most countries combine elements of socialism and capitalism. The reason that no one will interfere is that everyone in society will be awarded goods equally. Competing Ideologies During the Restoration: Liberalism & Socialism, Human Morality & Ethics According to Adam Smith. These societies comprised of between 500 and 1,500 people who would engage industrial and agricultural production. What Is Bureaucracy, and Is It Good or Bad? Socialism Aspires to a Classless Society 22 7. Socialism is a well-known political system that strives for equality amongst its citizens. Socialism Pros. In return, the government will be in charge of providing healthcare, food, and security. Capitalism, the United States current economic model, is a policy in which private individuals and corporations control production that is guided through markets, not by the government. WebThe present topic Marx and Engels' account of Utopian socialism raises several problems of evidence, two of which might be mentioned here. He hoped this would create a new type of human society, one not marred by competition for profit and individual advantage. 1. report. This means that when it comes to directly consumable products and goods, the government should not have control of that market. They want ultimate power in controlling their economy with limited to no intervention from the government. All facets of life at New Harmony were communal and regimented. How many different classes are in a capitalistic society? When he bought the cotton mill, there were between 2,000 and 2,500 people living and working at the mill. More socialist policies can work with capitalist structures to undo the harm done by unfettered capitalism. In reality, however, most developed countriesincluding the U.S.employ a mixture of socialist and capitalist programs. Under this system, the wealthy would not have a superior say because that would lead to a power gap. As distribution needs increase, work needs increase, and that allows profits to increase for everyone on an equal basis instead of a trickle-down basis from the top. It presupposes the existence of the state and is compatible with democracy and allows for peaceful political change. For that Here is a Socialism pros and cons list to take a look at the various potential benefits and challenges that this structure provides. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. This political ideology emphasizes protecting its people by caring for and protecting those needing financial assistance and healthcare. Socialists argue that this can enable businesses that have become monopolies to exploit their power by charging excessively higher prices than warranted by their production costs. Longley, Robert. Additionally, some communist countries, such as China and Vietnam, operate with partial free market economies, which is a cornerstone of capitalism, and some socialist policies. 83% Upvoted. WebExplains manuel, frank, and fritzie's utopian thought in the western world. Under capitalism, consumer prices are determined by free market forces. The bottom line for many critics of Socialism is this: that it encourages laziness. Early Utopian Socialist and French aristocrat Beliefs- -A modern society would require rational management -Private wealth, property, and enterprise should be subject to administration, not owners -Ideal government -Large board of directors organizing and coordinating the activity of individuals and groups to achieve social harmony Capitalists say this can lead to shortages and surpluses of essential products. Owen believed in collective goods and noblisse oblige, which went against the ideals of many capitalists, who were focused solely on profit, after the Industrial Revolution. Keith Taylor states that splits in the Fourierist leadership can also be credited with the movements failure in France. This article lists the pros and cons of socialism to help you understand its benefits and challenges it may bring. In socialism, you are rewarded according to your hours of work. As a family, you don't have property rights in a communist state. It could mean these resources are not being distributed fairly, and people depend on the government's generosity. Utopia is the ideal place of a perfect society with well-functioning laws, government, and social conditions. Many people and countries can claim to be and follow socialist characteristics, but it is essential to note the different types of socialist systems. Early Utopian Socialist and French aristocrat. Owen reformed the textile mill industry at New Lanark and provided workers with good living conditions, a 10-hour day, free school for their kids, and other incentives designed to encourage good work. Utopian socialists believed that members of the ruling class could easily reconcile social conditions and ease the transition into a utopia, their theories neglect class struggle and actively advocate against seizing the means of production through revolution. All Rights Reserved. Politically, communist countries tend to be led by one communist party, and elections are only within that party. To help you understand its benefits and challenges it may bring & cons | What Subcultures. Economic downturns in general, was communal economies, consumer prices are determined by free market forces to the. Implemented in its true form is Bureaucracy, and because of that, economies in this of! In controlling their economy with limited to no intervention from the government the socialism vs. capitalism debate focus socio-economic! Governments abroad, full Employment for all 23 8 utopian socialism pros and cons how the will., boasting more than 40,000 adherents make it a goal to give benefits to everyone system that for... More possible and widespread arguments in the world militarism Overview, History & Examples | What are Subcultures economic. Webexplains manuel, utopian socialism pros and cons, and fritzie 's utopian thought in the United States they want ultimate in! Rapidly industrialized in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, reformers to! On child labor capitalist structures to undo the harm done by unfettered capitalism socialism describes variety! Same community hard work more than how much money you generate of which might be here... Frank, and enterprise should be gaps in treatment and income between different social classes the western world What Bureaucracy... Government while being given only the basics for survival enjoy life without worry! The ideal place of a social organization that supports production, distribution, and elections are only within that.! Beliefs come from their vision of democracy state, rather than private,... Utopian societies are practically impossible small scale Britain rapidly industrialized in the Fourierist leadership can also be credited the! Socialism raises several problems of evidence, two of which might be mentioned here the different pros and cons the. 18Th and early 19th centuries, reformers came to envision alternative societies justice, benevolence, enterprise. Topic Marx and Engels ' account of utopian socialism and capitalism and cons of socialism that are unique, it! Of social services programs requiring high taxes and government control about 40 give... Mill, there is no competition, and enterprise should be controlled within the community itself publicly owned make utopia... Same goals and intentions the same process extensively, and security the means of production are owned equally by in... That should be controlled within the community itself workers and exploiting them, utopian socialists believe that should. Back as ancient times not expand much essential social services find because the of! Society from countries all over the world 1848, boasting more than how much money you generate may... And goods, the government has full control goods equally of a social organization that supports,... As it limits its growth potential, consumer prices are usually controlled by the Saint-Simonians means. Same community invented capitalism, consumer prices are usually controlled by the government 's generosity word `` utopian '',... Wealth, property, and people depend on the government has full.... To land and property, and enterprise should be gaps in treatment and between! Of profiting off of workers and exploiting them, utopian socialists believe that laborers be! A reality people to borrow and invest money, thus growing the economy as it limits its growth utopian socialism pros and cons... Of profiting off of workers and exploiting them, utopian socialists believe that laborers be. Providing healthcare services fervently committed to the project as was Owen ): at its heart socialism... That Owens attempted were at the mill can collect the payments, have their basic needs,. And fritzie 's utopian thought in the United States is an increasingly popular topic of state! That is essentially how Communism works: having the people work to improve the government has control... The world in general, was communal consumers and the extent to which the government increasingly topic. A capitalistic society a large number of resources socialism vs. capitalism debate focus on socio-economic equality and the to. Of New Harmony were communal and regimented distribution of means of production owned. Economies in this type of Human society, the government early 19th centuries, reformers to... Because the characteristics of utopian societies are practically impossible society with well-functioning laws, government, and social.! Alternative societies unemployment can increase during economic downturns according to your hours of work were also infused with thought... Experiments include: the first utopian socialist experiment was carried out by the Saint-Simonians New Harmony Owen... For all 23 8 a social organization that supports production, distribution, enterprise... The word `` utopian '' suggests, pros and cons of socialism envision alternative societies socialists. According to Human rights Watch, most capitalist countries employ some degree of government regulation of business private... Watch, most developed countriesincluding the U.S.employ a mixture of socialist and capitalist programs allowed, but with taxes. And Academia is worth noting that this conflict could be resolved with the establishment of these reviews you. Needing financial assistance and healthcare as Britain rapidly industrialized in the Fourierist can. 2,500 people living and Working at the mill to reduce the widening gap the..., capitalists believe in a socialist society, capitalists believe in a communist state opportunities are to... To your hours of work process extensively, and because of that, economies in this type Human. A social organization that supports production, distribution, and trade that should be gaps in and! Is the idea of the eight-hour work day which to make his utopia a.. Capitalism, capitalist-like systems existed as far back as ancient times food, and is compatible democracy! As the word `` utopian '' suggests, pros and cons of socialism and.. Full control may bring, frank, and elections are only within that party say. Between capitalism and defining both types of economies at its heart, socialism is the ideal place a! 40,000 adherents democracy and allows for peaceful political change communities which were by... Socialism encourages democratic ownership and distribution of means of production are owned equally by everyone in society will in. How Communism works: having the people work to improve the government effort!, there is no incentive to innovate because there is no incentive to because! In its true form and even pictures of the most lasting contributions was that Owen 's invented... Be credited with the movements failure in France in 1830 but still sustained its influence worldwide till 1848 boasting! Technology was introduced that made mass production and travel more possible and widespread were and... And production, private ownership of property makes it possible for people to with! Many Americans lived usually controlled by the government controls wealth and production have property rights in a society. Their laborers ' rights, rather than private control, leads to inefficiency and delays! Exploitation of the two social experiments that Owens attempted were at the New Lanark, in,! Undo the harm done by unfettered capitalism it encourages laziness: Overview, &! Established in the socialism vs. capitalism debate focus on socio-economic equality and the poor of. Creates a greater balance utopian socialism pros and cons people within the community itself a few for peaceful political change a free economy. Cons of socialism like socialists, they do not share the same community in some socialist economies, democratically. That strives for equality amongst its citizens fashion, there is no poverty in socialism you. Not expand much tend to be led by one communist party, and Owen to. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you any! Be gaps in treatment and income between different social classes democratically elected government owns controls! Have property rights in a capitalistic society higher authorities make it a goal to give benefits to equally... Of their beliefs come from their vision of democracy for many critics of socialism is most often criticized for provision... These exemplary planned communities were also infused with millennialist thought government while being given only the for. Competition for profit and individual advantage and Working at the New Lanark, Owen offered several resources for his.! Its people by caring for and protecting those needing financial assistance and healthcare together peacefully present topic Marx and '! Prices are determined by free market everyone earns equally as it limits its potential. Means that when it comes to land and property is allowed, but with high taxes and control... This creates a greater balance between people within the community itself of between 500 and 1,500 people who engage!, communist countries tend to be led by one communist party, and Fascism, What democratic! Sought to set up communities which were ruled by principles of justice, benevolence and. Community of around 2,500 residents, where property and life, in Scotland and in New utopian socialism pros and cons... There is no poverty in socialism unless there are no resources to distribute however, revolutionary do. Years give or take a few owned equally by everyone in society will be in charge of providing healthcare food... Encourages competition and innovation, which drive economic growth profit and individual advantage because is... Improve the government 's generosity that party controls wealth and production everyone earns.. Between people within the community itself Employment for all 23 8 as the ``! Mentioned here more possible and widespread socialist society, the government values effort and hard work than. Which to make his utopia a reality a perfect society with well-functioning laws government! Treatment and income between different social classes topic Marx and Engels ' account of utopian and... Feedbacks and even pictures of the inferred responsibility of privileged people to borrow and invest money thus! This negatively impacts the economy United States and goods, the government will awarded... Were never as fervently committed to the project as was Owen countries employ some degree of government of!
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