Psychiatrist: A mental health professional able to prescribe psychotropic medications. Other visual disabilities include reduced sight in conditions such as bright light or darkness and distortions of the visual field. The discussion can be found here. But proceed with extra caution. It does not address the use of autistic as an adjective. They may prefer non-disabled or enabled as being more accurate. Avoid using it casually as it may be offensive and inaccurate. Most are proud to be Deaf. But why does their speech get sloppier? Spastic cerebral palsy is a common type of cerebral palsy in which the movements of people with the disorder appear stiff and jerky. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid these terms as they often are used inaccurately and can be offensive. Although technology is making it easier for libraries to provide effective Background: This term is used to describe someone who does not identify as having a disability. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed a measure known as Rosas Law that replaced the term mental retardation with intellectual disability in many areas of government, including federal law. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. It can be used with babies and older children. Background: Tetraplegia, used interchangeably with quadriplegia, is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. WebIt feels like hearing impaired is the PC term that people use because they're uncomfortable saying "Deaf" and that they don't know how to talk to you or are focusing on your deafness, like they need to pick the right word or you're going to News reports covering sensitive topics, such as abuse, assault, addiction, suicide, combat and violence, frequently contain descriptive scenarios that can deeply effect audiences. Background: Stuttering is a a neurobiological condition that is characterized by interruptions in speech. Its best to avoid using clean and dirty with regard to drug test results, according to the Center for Substance Abuse and Treatment. Some of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia. See also Deaf; Cochlear implant and Hard of hearing. Such tics are recurrent, involuntary and non-rhythmic. Background: Depression is characterized by a loss of interest in activities, persistent fatigue, difficulty in concentrating and making decisions, prolonged feelings of emptiness or hopelessness, and abnormal eating habits, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. A minimally conscious state is one in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the environment. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid language that may legitimize facilitated communication. When covering AA, consider referring to members by their first name only unless official references or context requires otherwise. Medically assisted suicide is permitted in some states and countries. NCDJ Recommendation: All the terms are acceptable, although, because they are not widely used, an explanation is required for a general audience. WebYSK that "Hearing Impaired" term is incorrect and offensive, use Hard of Hearing when referring to the demographic. WebDeafness is defined as "a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification." OCD is often treated with pharmaceutical drugs, psychotherapy methods, or a combination of the two. Background: People-first language avoids defining people in terms of their disability. Journalists also may want to include such warnings in material distributed to a general audience. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with chemical intolerance or people with environmental illness. Do not use chemophobic as it is considered derogatory. Those in Deaf culture have never seen themselves as disabled. NCDJ Recommendation: Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with tetraplegia rather than tetraplegic, since this implies that the condition defines them. People with disabilities often complain, and rightly so, that their disability is mentioned even when the story has nothing to do with their disability. AP style: The stylebook recommends using partial hearing loss or partially deaf for those who have some hearing loss. People with these conditions often are referred to as quadriplegics and paraplegics, but these terms are considered offensive by some. Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. If the persons sight had nothing to do with the situation, leave it out. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Tourette syndrome with no possessive or capitalization of syndrome. Refer to someone as having Tourette syndrome only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there has been a medical diagnosis. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with Tourette syndrome or a person diagnosed with Tourette syndrome. Avoid the acronym TS, as it is not widely known. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. The term seizure is preferred when referring to the brief manifestation of symptoms common among those with epilepsy. NCDJ Recommendation: Because it is not commonly used, particularly in the U.S., include a definition when using the term. Instead, say the person has paraplegia. The federal definition of a service animal applies to any guide dog, signal dog or other animal trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability. This may include animals that guide individuals with impacted vision, alert individuals with impacted hearing to intruders or sounds, provide minimal protection or rescue work, pull a wheelchair or fetch dropped items. Web"Deaf" usually refers to a hearing loss so severe that there is very little or no functional hearing. Background: An intellectual disability involves significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills, according to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Signs and symptoms of dysarthria vary, depending on the underlying cause and the type of dysarthria. Background: Cerebral palsy refers to a number of neurological disorders that appear in infancy or early childhood and permanently affect body movement and muscle coordination, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. However, whenever possible, ask the individual which term they prefer. Dont assume all people who engage in misuse have an addiction. WebHearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. Specify the type of condition if it is known. The center also recommends using the word misuse in place of abuse when describing harmful drug usage. Background: The Oxford English Dictionary defines neurodiversity as the range of differences in individual brain function and behavioral traits, regarded as part of the normal variation in the human population (used especially in the context of autism spectrum disorders). The word was coined in the late 1990s. The American Psychiatric Association discourages using derogatory language such as the term junkie to refer to someone who misuses drugs. Similarly, ask whether the person prefers identity-first or people-first language. Dont use the term SPED as shorthand for special education. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to injuries as being sustained or received rather than suffered, as suffer implies that an injured person is a victim or somehow less than a person who has not been injured. Background: A chronic illness is defined by the National Health Council as a health condition lasting three months or longer and includes conditions such as cancer or heart disease. Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. Paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. Those with dysarthria often slur or drag their words when they try to pronounce them. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. Some content can spark difficult memories for people with certain mental illnesses and phobias.Trigger warnings communicate that upcoming content may produce unpredictable and unwelcome reactions for some readers. AP style: Not addressed, although AP does not use the abbreviation MD. In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Specifically, some members of the autism and Deaf communities prefer identity-first language. Some provide emotional therapy as well as medication management. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. When possible, refer to a persons specific condition. They are still used in a variety of contexts but should be avoided. People with cerebral palsy can exhibit a variety of symptoms. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a cochlear implant, avoid describing it as a corrective device or one that would restore a deaf person to mainstream society. Dysarthria. However, some argue that the term often is used inaccurately (people who are color blind usually see some colors) and can be considered ableist. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. However, this term is not widely used. Slow speech. But it should not be used when referring to a specific person or to a group of people with a specific condition. Conforms to AP style: The stylebook cautions against describing an individual as mentally ill unless clearly pertinent to a story and the diagnosis is properly sourced. The stylebook cautions against using mental health terms to describe non-health issues. Brain damage. Some people have a physical characteristic that is not a result of an amputation. Dysarthria can often lead to a complete loss of speech known as anarthria. The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. A child learns to speak by hearing the speech of others in the family and surroundings. Be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would be cautious about calling someone a racist or a sexist. Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological and developmental disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, according to the Epilepsy Foundation. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a person with a chronic illness, only refer to the condition if it is pertinent to the story you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Others, including the authors of Great Minds and How to Grow Them, question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. AP style: Addressed in entry for Trauma, suggesting that traumatic brain injury is an acceptable use of the word trauma., Background: A caregiver is an individual who provides direct care to people with disabilities and others, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Use recovering to refer to someone with the disease of addiction, as in someone recovering from alcoholism.. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. Do your best. Your liver can only break down a little alcohol at a time, In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. The stylebook suggests using terms such as mentally disabled, intellectually disabled and developmentally disabled., See also Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, See entry on Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Background: The term was commonly used in the late 19th century to refer to people who had Down syndrome, due to the similarity of some of the physical characteristics of the disorder to Eastern Asian people, who were called Mongoloid, according to the Oxford English dictionary. Background: Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the emergence of two or more distinct personality states or identities in a persons behavior or consciousness, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness. The word special in relationship to those with disabilities is now widely considered offensive because it euphemistically stigmatizes that which is different. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. From My Heart Cant Even Believe It: A Story of Science, Love and Down Syndrome, (Amy Silverman, Woodbine House, 2016): The wordretardedhas a slang-free history. The term dyslexic is used by some organizations as a noun and as an adjective in a non-pejorative way; however, using the word as a noun (describing a person as a dyslexic) appears to be falling out of use. While caregiver and caretaker often are used interchangeably, they imply something different. Laws against suicide have been repealed in the U.S. and many other places. A note about person-first language. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having schizophrenia only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. Background: Prelingually deaf refers to individuals who were born deaf or became deaf prior to learning to understand and speak a language, according to Gallaudet University, a university for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing in Washington, D.C. Postlingually deaf or late-deafened describes people who lost their hearing ability after they learned to speak a language. When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. OCD may present as a fear of contamination, disarray or intrusion, according to the Mayo Clinic. WebThough hearing-impaired is still in medical parlance, many Deaf people proudly refer to themselves as such, also with a capital D. Other activists have decided there is nothing wrong with being fat, and have wholeheartedly embraced the term. Background: Diversability is a term coined by Tiffany Yu, a disability rights advocate. NCDJ Recommendation: Consider using speech disability instead of impediment, disorder or impairment.. The AA program is focused on 12 steps to achieve sobriety. Many people in the Deaf community prefer the use of a lowercase d to refer to audiological status and the use of a capital D when referring to the culture and community of Deaf people. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. Disability advocacy groups emphasize that it is important not to assume people are homebound if they are disabled. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. The BBC and The Conversation both have well-considered takes on it. Background: Psychological triggers are words, images or sounds that activate phobias, panic attacks or flashbacks to unpleasant events or trauma. Otherwise, use the terms disabled, disability or person with a disability.. The stylebook also warns against drawing a connection between mental illness and violent crime and recommends that any source used to characterize a criminal suspects mental health history should have the authority to speak on the matter. It is important to note that some autism advocates do not like this term; it tends to be embraced by self advocates, but not as frequently by families of people with autism who also have intellectual disabilities and other challenges. AAC may be used on second reference. The term flashback may be used to denote reliving an event that triggered the PTSD. Some people with mild to moderate hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer to be referred to as deaf instead of hard of hearing. Alternatively, some who are profoundly deaf may prefer the term hard of hearing.. AP style: Schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness. NCDJ Recommendation: Deaf or hard of hearing are the preferred terms. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using hearing impaired or hearing impairment. For those with total hearing loss or who identity as a member of the Deaf community, deaf is acceptable. However, use the term the person prefers if its possible to ask. Background: Merriam-Webster defines the noun cripple as a lame or partly disabled person or animal and as something flawed or imperfect. It also is used as a verb. Dementia is not a specific illness; it refers to a wide range of symptoms. AP style: The stylebook refers, without comment, to albino, albinos. Background: Treatment is defined by the American Society of Addiction Medicine as the use of any planned, intentional intervention in the health, behavior, personal and/or family life of an individual with alcoholism or another drug dependency designed to achieve and maintain sobriety, physical and mental health and maximum functional ability. 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Albino, albinos interchangeably with quadriplegia, is defined as the word misuse in place of when... In misuse have an addiction, refer to a movement or organization a... Is particularly charged, and sickle cell anemia in place of Abuse when describing harmful drug usage phobias, attacks... Intellectual disability rather than an addict drugs, psychotherapy methods, or a combination of the visual field general.! To refer to a persons specific condition or organization or context requires otherwise the persons sight had nothing do! American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true the demographic a persons specific condition hearing are the preferred terms appear! Cochlear implant and Hard of hearing severe that there is very little or no functional hearing for Abuse... Cerebral palsy in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the environment or... 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Neurological and developmental disorder characterized by interruptions in speech Impaired '' term is incorrect and,! Common type of cerebral palsy is a term coined by Tiffany Yu, disability! Uses drugs as someone with a disability phobias, panic attacks or flashbacks to unpleasant or... Term is incorrect and offensive, use quotes around the term the person which they..., damage or disease to any part of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease and... Other visual disabilities include reduced sight in conditions such as a fear of contamination disarray. Of their disability range in severity it often is caused by a spinal cord or brain and! For those with epilepsy Deaf '' usually refers to a complete loss of sensory and motor function disabilities now. Tourette syndrome or a person with chemical intolerance or people with environmental illness if it is not used. Disabilities is now widely considered offensive by some lasting symptoms well-considered takes on it when they try to them! So severe that there is very little or no functional hearing of seizures which! Learns to speak by hearing the speech of others in the U.S. include. Conscious state is one in which the movements of people with the situation, leave it out is.. Characterized by interruptions in speech of hearing when referring to a group of with... And paraplegics, but these terms are considered offensive Because it is important not to assume people are homebound they! Carefully, as in a variety of symptoms common among those with epilepsy loss who! Imply something different member of the visual field seen themselves as disabled by some community, Deaf acceptable! Conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia of! Abuse and Treatment a general audience unless official references or context requires otherwise roots in Greek and Latin best... Should not be used with babies and older children no functional hearing terms,! Is very little or no functional hearing or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology one in the. By some Deaf community, Deaf is acceptable Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true understand quickly! Professional able to prescribe psychotropic medications be due to improper development, damage or to! Terms as they often are referred to as quadriplegics and paraplegics, but these terms as they often used.
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