Polish underground courts prosecuted traitors and criminals during the war. Exiled to Siberia. Image: Courtesy/Jonathan Durand. Ukraintsi v Pol'shi pislia Druhoi Svitovoi Viiny 1944-1984. As a history student, he was surprised about the lack of information about Poles seeking sanctuary in Africa his professor had never heard of Polish refugee camps on the continent. [1] Within months, in order to de-Polonize annexed lands, the Soviet NKVD rounded up and deported between 320,000 and 1 million Polish nationals to the eastern parts of the USSR, the Urals, and Siberia. Language--U. Vinnipeh, 1969. A few hundred people remained in Tanganyika. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "De-Polonizing the territories newly incorporated into the USSR", "Near and Middle East: The evacuation of the Polish people from the USSR", "Evacuation of Polish civilians from the Soviet Union to Persia 1942". The first stop of the refugees evacuated with Anders' army was Iran, where they found temporary quarters in large transit camps initially located in Pahlavi and Mashhad, and later in Tehran and Ahvaz. Korespondencja w sprawie pomocy dla uchodzcw. The British agreed to evacuate Polish civilians from Iran and presented a plan for the placement of refugee settlements. 29. list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia. Korespondencja w sprawie pomocy charytatywnej, zaproszenia The Kenyan port of Mombasa, the Tanganyikan ports Tanga and Dar es Salaam, and the Mozambican ports Beira and Laureno Marques (which is today's Maputo), were the first African stops for the Polish refugees. Own farms were run. The relief assistance afforded They are ignoring the benefits migration can bring, says Ghanaian migration expert Stephen Adaawen. signed in the presence of Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden, used the Local resident Barbara arrives with her husband and young son Jan, each carrying . At the end of 1944, there were 13,364 Polish citizens in three countries of East Africa, of which 6,331 in Tanganyika. While still in Isfahan, 105 teachers, doctors, and administrative workers were selected, plus one priest, Father Micha Wilniewczyc, and two Roman Catholic nuns. This number does not include those shot for failing or straying out of line during deportation, or disobeying an Records and Polish archives Overall, during German occupation of pre-war Polish territory, 1939-1945, the Germans murdered 3,900,000 to 6,400,000 Poles, probably about 5,400,000, including near 3,000,000 Jews.7, According to the German Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees, and War Victims, 9,575,000 Germans lived in these eastern territories in 1939 10 (about 15 percent of Germany's population). To relieve ourselves, we had to jump out of the train whenever it stopped. W arsaw, P oland The refugee center that Dr. Tade Daniel Omoshoto set up in a southwestern residential neighborhood of Warsaw doesn't look like much . The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. Thousands of Jews were employed by the Soviets in deportation and execution of Polish citizens. concerns and construction projects in Southern Rhodesia. Wanda Nowoisiad-Ostrowska, quoted by historian Tadeusz Piotrowski (The Polish Deportees of World War II), remembered that Abercorn camp was divided into six sections of single-room houses, a washing area, a laundry, a church, and four school buildings with seven classes. In order to ensure the highest quality of our services, we use small files called cookies. T.5. Most of them lived in Uganda and Tanzania (then Tanganyika), a considerable number in Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia) and Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) and some in . the Poland - Soviet Union Border during 1945 -1950 Lesiv, Mykhailo. While Gen. Anders' troops were subsequently transferred to Palestine and from there to Iraq, the civilians remained in Iran. The church was built at the centre of the settlement using local materials and papyrus thatch. Who is Nigerias president-elect Bola Tinubu? In January 1948, the Commissioner of the East African Refugee Administration wrote a letter about the deportation of the Polish refugees from the Abercorn camp. Ukrainian Studies Fund. The document, The cooking was done in a large kitchen situated in the middle. The main wave of Polish refugees sailed away from Iran to Africa. First the exiles came out of Siberia in cattle cars, arriving at ports on the Caspian Sea. Records http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/archiwum.html, If you know that you had relatives that were buried in the Przemysl area in Poland this link may help: http://www.cmentarzeprzemysl.pl/, In 1950 there was a border adjustment in the area And a few years ago, in 1996 in Chicago, the Poles of Santa Rosa celebrated the 50th anniversary of their arrival in the United States. Nothing looked like Poland, but adults in our camp did their best to emphasize our roots. Earlier, already in September 1941, the Polish government decided to set up consulates in Kenya, Tanganyika and Uganda as well as in both Rhodesia and the Union of South Africa. ch.1-4, 1988; ch.1-2, 1989; ch.1-2, 5-6, 1990; 8, 1994. 2022. czerwiec. Adamem i Iza Zamoyskimi, Zofia, Janowa,Tarnowska, oraz w sprawach Ukraintsi v Rumunii, Chekhoslovachchyni, Pol'shi, Iuhoslavii. Zjednoczonych (1941-1942). But those the Soviets only arrested and inprisoned were lucky. their lives even after liberation (over 2,000 refugees died in Iran alone). When using our website, the cookie files are downloaded onto your device. Additional Polish transports arrived in late 1943. T.6. Many Poles left Iran for India, thanks to the efforts of Polish consul in Bombay, Eugeniusz Banasinski. During his travels to the former Polish refugee camps in South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia, Durand said that local people "had good memories of the Poles,"who farmed and sent their children to school. Despite the fact that in 1918 all Jewish organizations were against the rebirth of Poland, in1926 Poland gave full citizenship to some 700,000 Jewish refugees from USSR ,while at the same time Jewish refugees who escaped to France remained stateless until WWII. In 1938 some 20,000 to 30,000 Jews evicted from Germany were resettled in Poland by Polish authorities On Aug. 22, 1939 Hitler delivered a secret speech in which he stated that the complete destruction of Poland and especially its population was his primary target. With a few days, Germany invaded Poland, triggering World War II. Several scout groups, schools, training centers, a Women's Auxiliary Service, and an Officers' Legion were established. There were several waves of deportations during which families were sent to barren land in the Soviet Union. Africa provided another safe harbor for the Poles. There were 22 different camps that housed 13,000-19,000 Polish exiles spread out across East and Southern Africa, some with more than 6,000 people, others with just a handful of families. Military Archives in Warsaw Often it was not accurate, especially as far as dates From 1942 to 1949, Gerech lived with her siblings and parents in a simple thatched hut in Tengeru in what was then the British-administered territory of Tanganyika (now Tanzania). Language--U. Varshava, 1997. The aim was a contented and reasonably self-contained community: the Poles had to be given a sense of purpose, wrote Rennie Montague Bere, a Cambridge University-educated colonial officer in Uganda who was in charge of the two refugee camps. In Ahvaz, "Camp Polonia" was one of the main exit centers for Poles leaving Iran, and the last Ahvaz camp closed in 1945. Shelved under: Naukove Tovarystvo im.Shevchenka. Dyrektor dr. Hubert Wajs, The State Archive in Przemysl The date is May 2000 and it comes Western Poland during the massive population exchanges following For traveling in the opposite direction and trying to cross the borders of Europe, also in Poland, are thousands of refugees from the Middle East and elsewhere. MINISTRY OF INFORMATION SECOND WORLD WAR OFFICIAL COLLECTION, Polish Refugees in India and East Africa, 1942-1946, Deportation of the Polish Population from the Soviet Occupied Part of Poland, 1940-1941, Evacuation of the 2nd Polish Corps from the Soviet Union to Persia and Palestine, 1942. On August 9, 1942, a second evacuation began, which lasted until September 1. By the end of September 1942, 1,044 people were located in the Ugandan settlement in Masindi, and 510 and 401 respectively in Morogoro and Kondoa in Tanganyika. medical experiments, and terror bombing, and in the concentration and death When Canadian Jonathan Durand traveled to Africa for the first time as a 20-year-old, he experienceda strange sense of being at home, an odd feeling for a young white man. The last Pole, Mr. Edward Wjtowicz, was buried in Tengeru in 2015. Hitler talked about the conquest and colonization of Poland. During World War Two, close to 20,000 Polish people found refuge in African countries. America. Here is the other matching map to the West. This bush was cleared by a labour force of 2,000 Ugandans by hand and over a distance of about four kilometres. Eventually, they found the area fertile enough to start their own farms growing bananas, pineapples, maize, tomatoes and sunflowers. Among them 1,000,000 were children under eighteen years of age 1. NKVD agents issued Soviet passports to Poles in February-May 1943. Among the many significant happenings of the Second World War is the story of thousands of Polish exiles who found refuge in East and Southern Africa. In Kenya, the camps were located in Rongai (outside Nairobi), Manira, Makindu, Nairobi, and Nyali in Mombasa. Christmas celebrations during theSecond World Waroften had to be scaled down or adjusted as restrictions and shortages took their toll. T.4. It appeared in the "Miedzy Nami" in one of Canadian newspapers 7a Polish refugees in Middle East (1942-47) . Warszawa Poland, The Central Archives of Historical by Polish, British, American, and Iranian authorities soon improved their In November 1947, the action of reuniting military families began, thanks to which about 9,500 people left Africa. The first group of an estimated 17,000-19,000 Polish refugees arrived in Africa around 1942. Tehran was a gate, through which we were sent, in groups, to different parts of the world. By the war's end, 26,121 Southern Rhodesians of all races had served in the armed forces, 8,390 of them overseas, operating in the European theatre, the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre . July 30, 1941, provided for the release of all Poles in Soviet exile as Unlike elsewhere, upon graduation the teens were placed either in schools operated by religious orders or in technical colleges. A Polish Child's WWII Journey. The details concerning processing of personal data by each unit can be found in their respective policies concerning the processing of personal data. For several weeks hundreds of machete-wielding Bunyoro men were put to work and cleared about a three kilometre-square of bush and elephant grass. World War Two: The deportation of Polish refugees to Abercorn "The complex story of Polish refugees in Iran", "Iran and the Polish Exodus from Russia 1942", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Polish_civilians_from_the_USSR_in_World_War_II&oldid=1096111774, Articles using infobox templates with no data rows, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Over 30,000 military personnel and about 11,000 children evacuated from March 24 until the first days of April 1942, Over 43,000 military personnel and about 25,000 civilians evacuated by sea from August 10 to September 1, 1942, This page was last edited on 2 July 2022, at 11:09. knows. Finally, 733 Polish children with their 105 caretakers arrived in New Zealand on November 1, 1944. In 1940-41, several hundred thousand citizens of the Second Polish Republic were deported deep into Soviet Russia, which, as a result of aggression with Nazi Germany, occupied the eastern part of Poland after September 17, 1939. In 1948, the number of Poles in East Africa decreased to 3,497, of which 2,080 lived in Tanganyika. http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP7.ADDENDA.HTM. Their ship docked at the port of Mombasa and from here they were settled in camps in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania (then Tanganyika) and Zambia and Zimbabwe (formerly Northern and Southern Rhodesia). The next transfer took place in 195559, after Stalin's death.[21]. His grandmother's testimonies about her life in the small town of Tengeru in northern Tanzania motivated the filmmaker to embark on an emotionally charged nine-year journey that took him to Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The service can provide the following: + A town or village location search and, if available, a brief area history. In the larger camps, like Tengeru [Arusha], there was less opportunity to meet Tanzanians, if only because there was a critical mass of Poles to spend time with, says Jonathan Durand, a Canadian documentary filmmaker and the grandson of Polish-African refugees. In Kenya, they were located in Rongai, Manira, Makindu, Nairobi, and Nyali near Mombasa. 00-202 Warszawa Contact our Media sales & Licensing team about access. The largest Polish settlement in Tengeru had 947 houses. Together, they immigrated to Canada. In Uganda they were laid to rest at Nyabyeya in Masindi; Bombo in Luwero district, and Entebbe, according to records at the Uganda National Archives. The housing was primitive: dwellings made of clay, with roofs made of grass and banana leaves. 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